The Business Model in Oil and Gas is Flawed
To the point of the blog post today. And that is the business model that is in use by the oil and gas producers today is flawed. There are three primary reasons that it is flawed. There is nothing being done about any of these three reasons for the industry failing. And like so many businesses in today’s market, technology is providing the means in which to implement new business models that are more efficient and effective. The three reasons that today’s producers business model is flawed is that they have what I call bloated balance sheets, the introduction of shale based reserves and production focused operations. Let me address each one below.
I’m the only one that is harping about bloated balance sheets in the industry at this time. I prefer to be alone. Since 1977 the SEC has permitted the use of full cost or successful efforts as the method of accounting for capital costs in the industry. Both have the effect of capitalizing everything under the sun and recording it as an asset on the balance sheet of the producer. The outer limit of what can be recorded is the amount of the reserves, based on the engineering consultant's report, times the amount of the commodities prices at the end of the year. At any point in time the producers assets are approximately equivalent to the total possible lifetime revenues of the producer based on its current reserves. A ridiculous number. What we are seeing now in the industry is write downs of the capital assets that are reflecting that the asset values recorded on the balance sheets are higher than the reserves of the engineering consultant's report times the commodities prices at year end. Which is another ridiculous number. The total assets are higher than the lifetime revenues from the reserves at current prices! These bloated balance sheets have been used to raise capital in the equity marketplace. And they have been used to raise debt with the banks and junk bond markets. What you really have is a bubble that is floated with the cash that the investors and banks are willing to provide to the producers to continue to spend money to increase the size of their balance sheet. And at no time, during the good or bad times, did the producers generate enough cashflow to fund their own capital expenditure programs. They almost always had to raise the money from the equity and debt markets. This is not a business, it's a spend fest.
What happens at year end is the production for the year is taken off the reserves on the books and recorded as the depletion expense for the current year. Usually these numbers are quite small. Leaving the balance sheets relatively untouched, especially in light of the increases from the capital expenditure program. The producer is therefore never really recognizing much of the costs of capital, in a capital intensive business. And as a result they are reporting higher profits, particularly for the years when the prices are rising. These are at best paper profits that do not generate the cash that an industry needs to fuel its growth and health. The balance sheets of the producers, if it was recording and depleting their assets appropriately would have small amounts for the capital assets remaining in the business. All of the capital costs would have been written off in a timely fashion, say three years. And significant amounts of net cash, accounts receivable, marketable investments and other financial instruments would have been generated in a healthy company. In oil and gas capital costs go to the balance sheet to die for three or four decades instead of flowing to the income statement where they can assess the performance of the management. And if that management is still capable of producing a profit after recognizing the capital costs, in a capital intensive industry, then they will be generating abundant cash. That is how a business survives and continues. The facade that is the producer today is a bloated balance sheet of capital assets with about 15 minutes of staying power from cash and other financial instruments at these commodity prices. The myth of these producers having strong balance sheets is about to explode into the next bubble of our never ending bubbly and highly managed economy.
Shale based reserves simply transformed the basis of the business from one extreme to the other. The oil and gas business has traditionally been considered an industry where the commodity is scarce. Shale makes oil and gas abundant. The business model that operated the scarce industry is wholly unsuited to operate an industry that is now abundant. This should be clearly abundant! The capital costs associated with shale are the determinate factor in their development. These can’t sit on a balance sheet for a few decades. They need to be recognized by the producer quickly and either they earn a profit or loss, prosper or go out of business. It's time that bureaucrats be evaluated on their performance based on all of their spending. Including capital. And it will soon be found that they have been using debt and equity to subsidize the consumers of oil and gas.
Lastly the business model itself is focused on the deliverability of the producer. It needs to change to the profitability of the producer. When the producer is focused on the deliverability it is expected to grow by 10% each year. If it misses its targets, its finished. This is why there are so many producers continuing to produce unprofitably and attempting to increase their deliverability. If they don’t they lose the confidence of the markets and they are toast within three months. The problem with this model is that most of them are toast now anyways. The demise of the industry is upon us. There are no financial resources to keep the lights on and the bubble is about to explode. If you never recognize your costs by leaving them on the balance sheet for decades. The company looks like its earning money. Which leads to other competitors entering the business. Who show an equal propensity to spend. Which leads to overproduction. Which after many decades after the SEC’s ill advised implementation of these guidelines leads to the downfall of the industry. And in defence of the SEC they define the outer limits of what is acceptable. That doesn’t mean that each producer hits those limits every year. What is a flawed business model will go down in history as one of the dumbest ways to run an industry, particularly in the 21st century. Good riddance.
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