The Preliminary Specification Part CXXXIX (R&C Part XXXIV)

In this the last post of the third, or innovation pass through the Research & Capabilities module of the Preliminary Specification. We get to soar with the eagles as we apply the over arching scope of the application of innovation to the oil and gas producer. Today’s post takes the summary of Professor Giovanni Dosi’s research and applies it to the oil and gas industry. To show the potential of what would be the effect of developing the People, Ideas & Objects ERP software.

In this post Professor Giovanni Dosi asserts that the makeup of industries and companies is attributable not only to the endogenous force of competition. Innovation and imitation also make up the fundamental structure of an industry. “Market structure and technological performance are endogenously generated by three underlying sets of determinants.”

Each of the following three components is evident in the marketplace of an oil and gas producer today, as reflected in:

• The structure of demand.

Satisfying the insatiable demand of the global energy marketplace is critical to the advancement of all societies. American and western as well as Chinese and developing societies face real challenges in sourcing adequate long term sources of energy. The long term demands on the energy producer have never been so great.

• The nature and strength of opportunities for technological advancement.

The nature and opportunities for technological advancement lead one to believe mankind has never faced the level of opportunity and acceleration that is possible today. The industrial mechanization of the past 100 years combined with the prospective mechanization of intellectual pursuits combine to markedly appreciate the value of human life. The availability of energy will be a critical element of this advancement.

• The ability of firms to appropriate the returns from private investment in research and development.

The oil and gas industry is moving closer to its earth science and engineering principles. Innovation, research and development in both the producer firm and the market are and will become more commercial in nature. It is on the basis of success or failure of these factors that will determine the success or failure of the firm within the industry.

By codifying the earth science and engineering capabilities within the “Capabilities Interface” the producer begins the process of documenting what it is capable of achieving. By using the “Planning & Deployment Interface” either through the Research & Capabilities or Knowledge & Learning module, the producer will be able to deploy those capabilities with the resources they have developed. We have drawn the analogy of a football team and how they design and communicate plays as to how these modules will work in the People, Ideas & Objects Preliminary Specification. But at the same time the overall process of innovation is working within the background. The research and development is being conducted and the innovation is being deployed. Tomorrow we will begin our third pass through the Knowledge & Learning module.

For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.

Please note what Google+ provides us is the opportunity to prove that People, Ideas & Objects are committed to developing this community. That this is user developed software, not change that is driven from the top down. Join me on the People, Ideas & Objects Google+ Circle and begin building the community for the development of the Preliminary Specification. 

The Preliminary Specification Part CXXXVIII (R&C Part XXXIII)

One element that we have not discussed in our review of the Research & Capabilities module is the factor of revenue per employee. We are not using the factor anywhere in any of the interfaces, I am only highlighting it here today to show how the Research & Capabilities module influences the elements that make up the calculation of revenue per employee. Recall in the other modules that there are large variances in the factor between producers. These variances show that there is a large asymmetry between the innovativeness of the producers. It is this asymmetry that is the topic of today’s post.

It was through the review of Professor Giovanni Dosi’s paper “Sources, Procedures & Microeconomic Effects of Innovation” that we learned of the asymmetry effect. That each successful innovation creates an asymmetry effect, or an overall increase in competitive position of the entire industry. However, that does not necessarily increase the competitiveness of all the participants of the industry. The ability of laggard companies to improve their competitive position helps to form new positions within their industries. These laggard companies are generally able to move further and quicker through their imitation of leading companies. However, the primary differentiating component of competition based on innovation is attributable to the innovative capability of the firm.  ie. a laggard will remain a laggard without the direct and active development of innovative appropriability conditions.

Professor Dosi finds these points difficult to quantify and prove, but states these may be tacitly understood. People, Ideas & Objects asserts that that was the case in 1988 at the time this article was written, however, the laggards ability to “keep up” or even “catch up” may have progressively diminished through the application of information technology during the 2000’s.

There is a determining paradox for the ability to innovate based on imitation or on the basis of strict Research and Development. Companies can copy others innovations in industries with minimal asymmetry, (where competitors are all the same). Whereas industries that are asymmetric (like oil and gas) or have large variances in their capabilities are best served by differentiating themselves by pursuit of Research and Development.

This is why the focus on the capabilities is critical to the success of the oil and gas concern. They are able to differentiate themselves by research and development and the focusing on capabilities. Passing these capabilities on to the Joint Operating Committee through the Knowledge & Learning module allows the producer to initiate these capabilities “just in time” and where they are needed. This can be done without the concern that they are exposed or risked to potential competitors through the Joint Operating Committee. It should be clear through this analysis that those that would attempt to copy others capabilities will be expending extensive resources to do so, as much or even more then it would cost to develop the capabilities on their own, however, those that chose to copy will remain static within their competitive position within the industry. Its just not that easy to copy someone else, and its not that valuable to their firm. When markets such as oil and gas are asymmetric, Research & Development are the ways in which to differentiate capabilities and build an innovative oil and gas producer.

For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.

Please note what Google+ provides us is the opportunity to prove that People, Ideas & Objects are committed to developing this community. That this is user developed software, not change that is driven from the top down. Join me on the People, Ideas & Objects Google+ Circle and begin building the community for the development of the Preliminary Specification. 

The Preliminary Specification Part CXXXVII (R&C Part XXXII)

When we consider what a producers capabilities, those that are listed in the “Capabilities Interface” of the Research & Capabilities module of the Preliminary Specification, would look like. Much would depend on the type of the producer that is represented there. As one could imagine a large firm such as Exxon would have a vast library of capabilities, and a small start up would be limited to a page or two in terms of what they were able to achieve. And there would be other criteria that would reflect the focus and innovativeness of the firm in terms of where their energies were best deployed.

Some might assume that the majority of the innovation in the oil and gas industry is developed within the large producers. However, I think that is generally considered to be untrue. The small and start up oil and gas firms along with the intermediate producers are probably responsible for the majority of the innovations in the last 20 - 30 years. Professor Giovanni Dosi’s reference to the Schumpeterian hypothesis, “that bigness is relatively more conducive to innovation, that concentration and market power affect the propensity to innovate” and his rejection of that premise is evident in this paper’s following three points.

• First, although “there appears to be roughly a log linear relation within industries between firm size and R & D expenditures”, upon closer investigation, “estimates show roughly non-decreasing return of innovative process to firm size.” This is probably attributable to the fact that very large and very small firms conduct most R & D. p. 1151
• Second, although the expenditures in R & D incurred by large firms are impressive from a total expenditure perspective, the aggregate expenditures of small firms on a global basis becomes far greater in aggregate than the large business. p. 1151
• Third, money is not necessarily a good indicator of innovativeness. Large variances within industries can clearly be identified irrespective of firm size. p. 1152

Therefore “bigness” is not necessarily an element that enhances innovation. This might be intuitively understood by the small oil and gas producers ability to punch above their weight. In the software development business, SAP may do significant generic research in the software development arena. However, they do very little in terms of specific oil and gas research. On the other end of the scale People, Ideas & Objects have completed substantial oil and gas specific research and have commenced the development of oil and gas specific software with the publication of the Preliminary Specification. And I can assure you that at this time we are a very small firm, proving Professor Dosi’s first point.

If we look at Professor Dosi’s second and third point together. It is clear that money is not necessarily a determining factor in innovation. Although large firms spend impressively on R&D, that does not produce a number of usable innovations. And it may be the lack of financial resources that motivate the smaller firms to innovative problem solving on the other end.

Professor Dosi (1988) provides three caveats to the three differences noted.

1. “Statistical proxies cannot capture aspects of technical change based on informal learning” p. 1152
2. Secondly, “differences in businesses and business lines (and business or product life cycles) may provide discrepancies in comparison of “like” firms. p. 1152
3. Thirdly, many firms are expending significant research dollars in keeping up with other firms innovations.  p. 1152

Or in summary, proof that money is not necessarily a determinant of innovative success.

For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.

Please note what Google+ provides us is the opportunity to prove that People, Ideas & Objects are committed to developing this community. That this is user developed software, not change that is driven from the top down. Join me on the People, Ideas & Objects Google+ Circle and begin building the community for the development of the Preliminary Specification. 

The Preliminary Specification Part CXXXVI (R&C Part XXXI)

When we are discussing the Research Budget Allocation Interface of the Research & Capabilities module it feels that we are at the heart of the innovative oil and gas producer. Professor Giovanni Dosi’s 1988 paper “Sources, Procedures and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation” has clearly identified the key factors that make a firm innovative. By instilling his work within the modules of the People, Ideas & Objects Preliminary Specification, the innovative oil and gas producer is able to have the quantifiable and replicable process of innovation within their domain. Something that I think is necessary for the difficult energy era that we find ourselves in today.

The vision that has been laid out so far in the Preliminary Specification provides a coherent way in which the producer would operate in this difficult energy era. These processes are all to support the innovative oil and gas producer and are based on the research that has been conducted here at People, Ideas & Objects. What is also clear in the research is that the lack of the processes that identify and support the innovation will lead to no innovation at all. A producer that was originally constructed in the easy energy era. An era that was focused on cost control can not function in the innovative and difficult energy era that is here, or just around the corner. The difficulty in managing these oil and gas concerns, with conflicting constructs and demands will only intensify. 2012 will be an interesting year.

A few days ago I stated that the people who are operating in the Joint Operating Committee are not experimental lab rats. That to leave a capability that was untested and untried for them to sort out was counter to the purpose of the “Capabilities Interface”, the Knowledge & Learning module and the Joint Operating Committee. They are there for execution and not for the purpose of developing concepts or experimenting. To use the football analogy the Joint Operating Committee is game day, and what the research and study area needs is a metaphorical practice field. One in which the opportunity to explore failure is welcome and where a producer can attain a learning experience to the ultimate solution or capability.

With that it sounds like its time for another interface. And we’ll call this the “Experiments Interface” which will list the number of experiments and document the type and expected results of any and all experiments being conducted by the firm. This will be a comprehensive interface, much like the “Research Budget Allocation Interface” in that it will also have many similarities to a project management interface. This will provide the users with the ability to manage the project from start to finish in a manner that the capabilities are able to be developed as expected by the firm. These two interfaces will enable the users to control and manage the firms development at the speed of the market and the science.

I am not asserting that efforts in the past were not innovative or moved the science substantially. The issue People, Ideas & Objects is raising is that the pace and speed of the science’s development in the near to mid-term, and particularly the long term, will accelerate based on the fact that, globally, reserve replacement continues to be progressively more challenging, and the prices realized for the commodities have begun to reflect these challenges. Professor Dosi concludes with “Finally, the evolution of the economic environment in the longer term, is instrumental in the selection of new technological paradigms, and, thus in the long term selection of the fundamental directions and procedures of innovative search.” p. 1142

Therefore being in tune with the market and the science is the only safe place for the innovative oil and gas producer to be.

For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.

Please note what Google+ provides us is the opportunity to prove that People, Ideas & Objects are committed to developing this community. That this is user developed software, not change that is driven from the top down. Join me on the People, Ideas & Objects Google+ Circle and begin building the community for the development of the Preliminary Specification. 

The Preliminary Specification Part CXXXV (R&C Part XXX)

The individual user(s) of the Research Budget Allocation Interface of the Research & Capabilities module will be at the forefront of the innovation that occurs within the producer firm. Having windows on the research that is developing within the firm, within the scientific community, the lessons learned in the Joint Operating Committees, and lets not forget the “Ideas Marketplace Blog” is not far away either. Theirs will be a rich medium of information of what is happening in the innovative oil and gas industry. The concern that many will have is that this information is then codified into further capabilities which is subsequently published through to the various relevant Joint Operating Committees. There they will have these capabilities available to the members of the JOC’s able to see and use the capabilities, which will include participants of other producer firms.

Professor Dosi (1988) notes a study conducted by Richard Levin et al 1984, in which they studied “the varying empirical significance of appropriability devices of (a) patents, (b) secrecy, (c) lead times, (d) costs and time required for duplication, (e) learning curve effects, (f) superior sales and service efforts.” Professor Dosi (1988) observed, “that lead times and learning cures are relatively more effective ways of protecting process innovations, and patents a more effective way to protect product innovations.” Dosi concludes. “Finally, there appears to be quite significant inter-industrial variance in the importance of the various ways of protecting innovations and in the overall degrees of appropriability”. (p. 1139)

Oil and gas producers are focused on process innovations which Dosi observed “that lead times and learning curves are relatively more effective ways of protecting them”. Which brings up a very valid point. Assume that one of the capabilities that was published through the Knowledge & Learning module was the capability to fracture shale. Just because it is published doesn't mean that it can be copied. The “team” has practiced and built the capability from previous experience and “learning curves” and that is how the capability exists. Just because a football team sees the design of another teams play does not mean that they will be able to implement the same play. They will have to work at building the right talent and practice to implement the capabilities necessary to execute the capability before they can successfully complete it. The same would be the situation for anyone observing another producers capabilities in a Joint Operating Committee.

Professor Dosi notes that Levin states that the control of complementary technologies becomes a “rent-earning firm-specific asset”. Dosi states “in general, it must be noticed that the partly tacit nature of innovative knowledge and its characteristics of partial private appropriability makes imitation a creative process, which involves search, which is not wholly distinct from the search for new development, and which is economically expensive - sometimes even more expensive then the original innovation, and applies to both patented and non-patented innovations.” (p. 1140)

With the fast changing science and technological paradigms and steep trajectories of the industry, the need to have the capability to innovate will be needed for each producer to develop on their own. If the costs of duplication are as steep as the costs of developing the internal capabilities, the producers should then rely on their process innovations to carry their firm. What are the alternatives. Sitting on your advanced innovations and not using them, for fear that someone will use them, in order to protect them?

However, this giving freely of ones capabilities to the joint account also imputes that a greater level of co-dependency exists. Partners in the Joint Operating Committee will have resources available to commit to the projects, and suppliers will have contributions as well. As the Preliminary Specification seeks to eliminate the redundant and mutually exclusive capabilities being built within each silo’d corporation. The proposed alternative in the Preliminary Specification is to rely on the advanced contributions of the partnerships to bring about the most innovative solutions to the Joint Operating Committee.

For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.

Please note what Google+ provides us is the opportunity to prove that People, Ideas & Objects are committed to developing this community. That this is user developed software, not change that is driven from the top down. Join me on the People, Ideas & Objects Google+ Circle and begin building the community for the development of the Preliminary Specification.

The Preliminary Specification Part CXXXIV (R&C Part XXIX)

In today’s post I want to highlight the speed at which a producer firm is able to implement innovations. From the point in time of the research and discovery, to the actual implementation of the innovation there is little in terms of time or bureaucracy standing in the way of the proven innovation being implemented on a global scale across the firm. When the time comes for people to use the latest and greatest in terms of what innovation they should use, there is also no ambiguity as to what is authorized in terms of the most recent approved capabilities to use.

To review the process; we have the firm conducting a variety of studies or research through Work Orders and AFE’s to enhance their capabilities. The day to day of these studies and research are monitored in the “Research Budget Allocation Interface” which also has a page that monitors the scientific communities research. When these studies and research are concluded and capabilities are enhanced they are added to the “Capabilities Interface” of the Research & Capabilities module where they are populated with all of the information necessary to document and implement the capability. We have drawn a football analogy here to the playbook of a football team. A team member only needs to look at the playbook to determine what their role is in during any play. The “Capabilities Interface” is sorted through a variety of different keys with geological formation being one of them. In the Knowledge & Learning module any Joint Operating Committee that produces from xyz formation will therefore have access to xyz capabilities in the “Capabilities Interface”.

The key limiting determinant in terms of time is the amount of effort necessary to take the research or study from its raw form and turn it into a usable capability. The people within the Joint Operating Committee are doing two things. Making operational decisions and executing the operations. They are not field testing experiments as lab rats. Its important that this distinction be made and the proper documentation be handed off from the research and study to those that will execute it. As once it is documented, you can see that it will be immediately executed the next time that the operation is conducted anywhere within the producer firm. We will also have more to discuss on this point in the Knowledge & Learning module.

With this process in mind, we note that Professor Giovanni Dosi suggests two separate phenomenon are observed:

• First, new technological paradigms have continuously brought forward new opportunities for product development and productivity increases. p. 1138
• Secondly “A rather uniform, characteristic of the observed technological trajectories is their wide scope for mechanization, specialization and division of labor within and among plants and industries.” p. 1138

This brings to mind that the Research & Capabilities module, with the complexity of processes as we detailed in the last few days. Would be deficient from the point of view of having any feedback from the Joint Operating Committees. Particularly from the first phenomenon noted above. Therefore we need to open a third “page” in the “Research Budget Allocation Interface” that is a window on the “Lessons Learned” from the Knowledge & Learning module. That way what is being learned on a day to day basis can “bring forward new opportunities for product development and productivity increases.” I might be mistaken but I don’t think that a lot can be done from the Research & Capabilities module perspective in terms of the “mechanization, specialization and division of labor within and among plants and industries.” The user community may have a different point of view and see things differently which is the purpose of these user based developments. Therefore we’ll leave this point open to further debate, as all the other areas are.

For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.

Please note what Google+ provides us is the opportunity to prove that People, Ideas & Objects are committed to developing this community. That this is user developed software, not change that is driven from the top down. Join me on the People, Ideas & Objects Google+ Circle and begin building the community for the development of the Preliminary Specification. 

The Preliminary Specification Part CXXXIII (R&C Part XXVIII

In today’s post I want to continue on with yesterday’s discussion of the “Research Budget Allocation Interface” and the two “pages” format. Recall that one page would be for the endogenous developed capabilities and the other for the exogenous scientific findings. What I want to discuss today is the process that the user of this interface will be involved in in documenting the capabilities from the research that is being conducted within the firm and the greater scientific community. By way of the football analogy that we raised a few weeks ago, I want to show how this documentation would be done.

Ultimately the objective of the “Research Budget Allocation Interface” is to augment the firms “Capabilities Interface” or to enhance the firms overall capabilities. The Capabilities Interface documents what the firm is capable of and is in turn populated, through the Knowledge & Learning module, to the various Joint Operating Committees. And then based on geological zones and other criteria that are applicable to the property. The user select the pertinent capabilities that are needed. At which time the people that are assigned the work at the Joint Operating Committee are able to determine the state of the capabilities of the firm, and apply them to their work. The football analogy would come into play here in that the design of a play is committed to writing in which the team studies it, and each team member learns their role, and then executes the play in the manner in which it was designed.

As the firm continues on over time, research from the endogenous and exogenous areas become innovations that populate the “Capabilities Interface” which in turn populate the various Joint Operating Committees. This is the process of how I see the innovations developed within the firm and elsewhere are implemented in the innovative oil and gas firm. Professor Dosi (1988) continues on to assert that much of the innovativeness of a firm is dependent on technology more than science, and is based on several implications. The first implication being the net benefactor of the cumulativeness, tacitness and technological knowledge implies that “innovation and the capabilities for pursuing them are to an extent local and firm specific.” Secondly, the “opportunity for technological advances in any one economic activity can also be expected to, and constrained by, the characteristics of each technological paradigm and its degree of maturity”. This is further defined by the technological and scientific capabilities, and “the advances made by suppliers and customers.” (p. 1137) We documented in yesterday’s post that we have three processes that deal with these variables under management in the Research & Capabilities module.

Recently we learned of the difficulty for a firm to copy another firms ideas or capability provides little to no value. On the contrary the effort to copy the capabilities is as potentially difficult as building their own unique capabilities. Today we learn that innovation is dependent on the technology that supports the firm. That is the technology both enables and / or constrains the capabilities of the producer.

Professor Dosi notes “New technology paradigms reshape the patterns of opportunities of technical progress in terms of both the scope of potential innovations and ease with which they are achieved.” p. 1138. The technology that a producer has includes the ERP systems used within the organization.  When the business is a science, as it is in oil and gas, it would be in the producers interest to remain open and flexible in both its scientific and business approach. This is the strategic position that a producer would be capable of maintaining with People, Ideas & Objects software applications, based on the Preliminary Specification.

For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.

Please note what Google+ provides us is the opportunity to prove that People, Ideas & Objects are committed to developing this community. That this is user developed software, not change that is driven from the top down. Join me on the People, Ideas & Objects Google+ Circle and begin building the community for the development of the Preliminary Specification.

The Preliminary Specification Part CXXXII (R&C Part XXVII)

Yesterday’s discussion of the Research & Capabilities “Research Budget Allocation Interface” offered the innovative oil and gas producer the opportunity to control the costs of the research and innovation conducted within their firm. We know from Professor Giovanni Dosi that businesses commit to innovation as a result of both the exogenous scientific factors and endogenous accumulated capabilities developed by their firms. We have discussed in fairly good detail how the capabilities are handled in the Research & Capabilities module of the Preliminary Specification. Today I want to continue to discuss how the research end of the module is managed.

With the “Research Budget Allocation Interface” we are able to provide a global view of the capabilities that the firm have under development. As was mentioned yesterday, this interface will provide the user with the ability to see areas that might otherwise fall through the cracks, so to speak. What is needed now is a similar interface that would give a view of the research that is being undertaken in the scientific arenas that enable the producer to “commit to innovation as a result of exogenous scientific factors”.

It might be important to quickly recall the major processes that are being managed in the Research & Capabilities module. We have the “Ideas Marketplace Blog” providing the environment where the service industry is actively developing new and innovative products and services with input from the producers. We have the “Capabilities Interface” where the firm is documenting what it is capable of and can achieve. These capabilities are deployed through the “Planning & Deployment Interface” in the Research & Capabilities or Knowledge & Learning modules and lastly we have the “Research Budget Allocation Interface” we discussed yesterday. There are more processes under management in the Research & Capabilities module, I only wanted to highlight the pertinent ones for the discussion that follows here on the scientific nature of the business.

Professor Dosi concludes that scientific input into the innovation process is evidence of the importance of factors exogenous to competitive forces among private economically motivated actors. This is subject to two important qualifications.

• Science and Technology are self-fulfilling in their developments.
• Scientific advances play a major direct role, especially at an early phase of development of new technological paradigms. p. 1136

These points support Dosi’s (1988) assertion that “general scientific knowledge yields a widening pool of potential technological paradigms,” where the greatest value is attained in the earlier stages. Professor Dosi analyzes the specific mechanisms through which a few of these potential paradigms are actually developed economically, subsequently applied, and that often have become dominant in their industry. The process of selection depends on the following factors.

• The nature and interests of the bridging institutions between pure research and economic applications. (p. 1136)
• Institutional factors that drive the technology or science, such as (the military) (p. 1137)
• The selection criteria of markets and or techno-economic requirements of early users. (p. 1137) (NASA, Pentagon the FDA and Nuclear Reactors for the Navy.)
• Trial and error associated with the Schumpterian entrepreneurship. 

There is little doubt in my mind that we need an interface here. An interface that is similar to the “Research Budget Allocation Interface” would be appropriate. And maybe we only need to establish a second “page” within that interface. One for the internal or endogenous budget items and one for the exogenous budget items. The key here is to note that the greatest value is attained in the earlier stages. And that seems somewhat intuitive doesn’t it.

For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.

Please note what Google+ provides us is the opportunity to prove that People, Ideas & Objects are committed to developing this community. That this is user developed software, not change that is driven from the top down. Join me on the People, Ideas & Objects Google+ Circle and begin building the community for the development of the Preliminary Specification.

2012 Fees Are Now Due

People, Ideas & Objects 2012 software development fees are now due. These fees were set in a November 1, 2011 blog post at $1.00 per barrel of oil equivalent per day production. (Producers with production of 50,000 barrels per day would pay $50,000.00 U.S. for software development fees for the 2012 calendar year.) Penalties of 300% of the 2012 fees will be assessed on any outstanding fees after March 31, 2012. All fees for 2010 onward must be paid in full by the producer before their participation can begin in the user community. 2010 and 2011 fees and penalties were set at $1.00 per barrel of oil equivalent per day production and 300%. All fees for 2010, 2011 and 2012 total $9.00 per barrel of oil equivalent.

Fees are used to support the developments of the Preliminary Specification. Please review our revenue model for more information on our fee structure and policies.

For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.

Please note what Google+ provides us is the opportunity to prove that People, Ideas & Objects are committed to developing this community. That this is user developed software, not change that is driven from the top down. Join me on the People, Ideas & Objects Google+ Circle and begin building the community for the development of the Preliminary Specification.

The Preliminary Specification Part CXXXI (R&C Part XXVI)

We now turn to the research area of the Research & Capabilities module in the Preliminary Specification. What we are particularly interested in today is to take control of the financial costs of the innovative activities that are being conducted within the producer firm. A firm of any size would have a variety of projects being conducted. With the volume becoming unmanageable quite quickly if there was no control over the amount spent and the type of activity. There are cost controls that are set in place in the People, Ideas & Objects systems like AFE’s and Work Orders, and these will sponsor most of the research undertaken in the firm. The interface that we are talking about today does not replace those, it only centralizes the information for a clearer understanding of the activity and its funding.

Your firm may become involved in many projects that seek to find new knowledge and information regarding the oil and gas business. Some of these activities may be rather large and will certainly be the focus and will have no difficulty in attracting the attention of the firm. Some however may be small and will be important from the perspective that the information is just as pertinent to the firm, but don’t attract the attention. Nonetheless, this information needs to be included in the day to day of each and every operation of your firm, and as such needs to be documented in the “Capabilities Interface”. How does the firm manage the various projects within a firm to ensure that the money spent and all of the projects are documented within the capabilities of the firm?

Within the Research & Capabilities module we will have the “Research Budget Allocation Interface” that will assist in dealing with the costs of innovation and the volumes of projects the firm is involved in. If an AFE is raised with some element of the costs including the partnership doing some joint research or innovative activity, this activity should be populated in the “Research Budget Allocation Interface”. Or, if a Work Order is raised to conduct some study, that too should be populated into the “Research Budget Allocation Interface”. The purpose of this interface is to ensure that there is no duplication of the research undertaken, if there is then the costs could be saved. It is also to document the ongoing status of the project. And ensure that the results of the project are documented within the “Capabilities Interface” of the Research & Capabilities module.

In general, each organizational arrangement of a firm embodies procedures for resource allocation to particular activities (in our case, innovative activities), and for the efficient use of these resources in the search for new products, new processes, and procedures for improvements in existing routines; however, the specific nature of these procedures differs across firms and sectors. For example, the typical degrees of commitment of resources vary by industry and so do the rates at which learning occurs. I now turn to the interpretation of these phenomena. p. 1135

Although this may appear like a simple interface, in the proper hands it would be a very powerful tool. It would provide a global view of the firms activities in the area of innovation and show the overall progress that the firm was making. It would also show where unrelated innovations might occur. Lastly, and here’s the real kicker, it might show where some opportunities lay. Professor Dosi (1988) states that profit motivated agents must involve both “the perception of some sort of opportunity and an effective set of incentives.” (p. 1135) Professor Dosi introduces the theory of Schmookler (1966) and asked “are the observed inter-sectoral differences in innovative investment the outcome of different incentive structures, different opportunities or both”? (p. 1135) Schmookler believed in differing degrees of economic activity derived from the same innovate inputs.

The “Research Budget Allocation Interface” would provide a window on both the “different incentive structures and different opportunities within the producer firm. Making for a powerful tool in terms of guiding the innovative oil and gas producer.

For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.

Please note what Google+ provides us is the opportunity to prove that People, Ideas & Objects are committed to developing this community. That this is user developed software, not change that is driven from the top down. Join me on the People, Ideas & Objects Google+ Circle and begin building the community for the development of the Preliminary Specification.