Perez The Role of Government Part II

In this second part of answering Professor Carlota Perez' question "What role does the Government play in this?" we discuss the more general nature of the economy. In the first part we noted the expanded role that software plays in ensuring compliance to regulations. And how the software vendor has ultimately had to bear these software development costs alone with no financial support from the government agency issuing the regulations. In this second part I want to expand on the concept of this expanded role of software in our daily economic lives.

Lets assume that we have an engineer that recently saw the opportunity of a lifetime pass in front of her eyes. To realize this opportunity she needs to establish herself as an oil and gas producer and acquire land within a certain geographic location. The land and the money to purchase it are available, as are the drilling and other service industry technologies necessary to exploit the idea. The one problem this engineer has is that she has no access to systems that are capable of meeting the necessary compliance requirements of the jurisdictions she operates in. And no ability to interface with the various economic actors necessary to make the idea real.

Suddenly, she realizes that she is eliminated from pursuing this opportunity due to the fact that she has no software in which to operate this firm on an ongoing basis. Is the Governor of Texas willing to accept that the barriers to entry into the oil and gas industry becomes access to the necessary administrative software? Certainly the ability to build this capability exists, at approximately $2 million / year in additional administrative overhead.

The question is what is the governments role in the new economy. A new economy that is driven by the Information & Communication Technology Revolution. Where the access and ability to function in the marketplace assumes the ability to be in compliance with 400 pounds of paper regulations. An economy where engineers pursue new ideas or an economy of accountants and lawyers.

And how is it that People, Ideas & Objects is able to offer this engineer with a good idea with no costs associated with using the software? That is to say until she has established production, her costs for 2010 have been set at $1.00 / barrel of oil per day per year. Certainly there will be representatives from the Community of Independent Service Providers (CISP) assisting her in these compliance requirements. But the question of whether to "hire people or run software to be compliant" has been solved through People, Ideas & Objects. This overhead associated with the CISP is on an as needed basis and is a small fraction of the $2 million otherwise needed.

Many within the governments got ahead of this discussion by establishing the rules and regulations are self assessing. Self-assessing systems include most royalty regulations and of course many tax systems. If you make a mistake in filing your returns, you go to jail. It is necessary that negligence is not an excuse for mistakes. And I see no reason to abandon the self assessing style of system, if the software exists in the marketplace to ensure compliance. Governments have a fiduciary responsibility to their tax payers to ensure that equality and fairness are achieved, and that all revenues are collected. One side note is that Royalties are not taxes, but for the purposes of discussing self assessing systems, there are minimal differences.

Back to the question of the governments role in the new economy. Is it to facilitate high levels of access to all who want to compete in the oil and gas industry? Economic access or the lack of it has become a barrier to entry for all but those who have adequate size to maintain the administrative overhead. Will the engineer in this scenario, knowing that she could go to jail for not filing the right form, really be bothered to pursue that opportunity? And lets be clear, Bernie Madoff had no aversion to filing any forms.

Today I received notice from the Alberta Government that they do not share in the concerns that I expressed in Part I of this discussion. I indicated that our policies were to not build any software to meet Alberta's royalty requirements. And they indicated that Mr. Peter Watson, Deputy Minister of the Energy department has received that message. This point was probably moot as I do not see the user community including any Canadian jurisdiction in the Preliminary Specifications scope. Regrettable, but true.

Join me here and lets work together in finding the right answers. If your an enlightened producer, an oil and gas investor or shareholder, who would be interested in funding these software developments and communities, please follow our Funding Policies & Procedures, and our Hardware Policies & Procedures. If your a government that collects royalties from oil and gas producers, and are concerned about the accuracy of your royalty income, please review our Royalty Policies & Procedures and email me. And if your a potential user of this software, and possibly as a member of the Community of Independent Service Providers, please join us here.

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Budget Conversation Part II

The question as to what happens after March 31, 2010 and we don't have our budget for 2010 funded. Do we pack up and go home? There is nothing worse for a project like People, Ideas & Objects to have been turned down for its funding request. It puts the entire project at greater risk of ever being funded. So what is the plan, what do we transition to if the funding for 2010 is not secured?

The cut and run mentality is something that I have great difficulty with. I don't start something to have it left unfinished. The fact that the budget possibilities are more limited do not deter me from proceeding with this project. The May 2004 Preliminary Research Report was named "Plurality should not be assumed without necessity" or Occam's Razor for a reason. I knew that this level of change would be difficult. The quotation that I used for describing this difficulty was from the 1997 Report to the World Bank.

This statement was written by Ernst & Young in a 1997 report to the World Bank, and was described as: “It’s not what you know that you do not know that hurts you. It’s what you do not know, that you do not know that will. It must be considered that there is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle, than to bring about a new order of things.” Knoop & Valor (1997)

What I do know is we have not attained success. On the other side of the coin, I know what dangerous means. We will continue on in some fashion irrespective of the outcome of this budget drive. In the event that we do not receive any support, what frustrates me the most is that we are effectively losing another year. One change that might be considered is that we immediately commence a budget drive for the entire design and planning stage. These have been costed at $150 - 200 million.

In terms of the context of energy, failure has consequences. If I have to live the consequences of this project for a while longer that is fine. I'm not dragging anyone or anything down in the manner that this project is being proposed. I want to establish an environment where the motivation is to succeed. And if that success is not attainable with the current configuration, we'll work with the communities [investor, shareholder, user and Community of Independent Service Providers] to get it right.

Join me here and lets work together in finding the right answers. If your an enlightened producer, an oil and gas investor or shareholder, who would be interested in funding these software developments and communities, please follow our Funding Policies & Procedures, and our Hardware Policies & Procedures. If your a government that collects royalties from oil and gas producers, and are concerned about the accuracy of your royalty income, please review our Royalty Policies & Procedures and email me. And if your a potential user of this software, and possibly as a member of the Community of Independent Service Providers, please join us here.

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Dosi Nature of Technologies Part II

Continuing on with our review of Professor Dosi's most recent paper. "On the nature of technologies: knowledge, procedures, artifacts, and production inputs." In our previous post we focused on specialization and the division of labor. How we stand on the shoulders of several generations of giants, and as an industry we are metaphorically traveling at a high rate of speed and altitude. The problem is that's not efficient enough. Any misstep, like what the bank managers orchestrated on their industry, could be detrimental to society, organizations and people. And how unlike the banking industry, now is the time for the oil and gas leadership to ensure they have options and alternatives, like the one People, Ideas & Objects is offering. And now is the time to fund these developments.

In this second installment of our review, Professor Dosi discusses technologies in more detail. How tacit knowledge is the key in enabling the technological advances and the role of science in the development of that knowledge. In this post I will continue to discuss the important role of having the Community of Independent Service Providers enable the technologies, and specifically the People, Ideas & Objects applications, with their design and tacit knowledge.

Innovating off of the science, the tacit knowledge and the application modules of the People, Ideas & Objects software is something that is necessary. Innovation is not the act of one individual but the acts of an entire industry. The focus and strength of the innovations are not guided by any one individual, but the general markets that make up the oil and gas industry. Concentrating these resources in this fashion is the work of the software. Generating the iterative developments of the sciences and innovation is the work of the people with the tacit knowledge.

3. Technologies as artifacts

Static interpretations of how oil and gas is produced are guide posts and not destinations. Traveling as we are, the speed and dynamic nature of what the industry is capable of is about to accelerate. I believe it will be the conflicts and contradictions that we face that will lead us to make the breakthroughs in both the science and innovation in the industry.

Dynamically, innovation can be fruitfully studied in terms of modifications and improvements of the performance characteristics of each component and of the system as a whole. In fact, bottlenecks and ‘imbalances’ in the functionalities within products and systems have been identified as important ‘focusing devices’, as Nathan Rosenberg put it, driving technological advances (see Rosenberg, 1976, and Hughes, 1989 on the ‘reverse salient’ pushing technological advances).2 The dynamics of both ‘incremental’ change and more radical ruptures in the structure and functionalities of artifacts are precisely, as we shall see, two central concerns of evolutionary theories of innovation. p. 175

Those with advanced educations will see these are the standard methods used in the development of sciences for the past 2400 years.

4. The underlying knowledge bases

What is known in oil and gas, and what is discovered moves remarkably quickly. Information within the geological sciences or engineering disciplines travels between companies faster then within the companies themselves. This understanding was provided to us by Dosi in his 1988 "Source, Procedures and Micro-economic Effects of Innovation", the primary research document of the Preliminary Research Report.

In fact, important advances have been made over the last quarter of a century in the identification across different technologies of (i) the characteristics of such knowledge—e.g. to what extent is it codified in the ‘recipes’ themselves or openly available in the relevant professional communities or, conversely, to what extent is it embodied in the tacit skills of the actors themselves—and (ii) its sources. p. 175

This is intuitively understood as geologists better understand the implications involved in geological discovery then organizations with non-geologists employed. The same can be stated for any profession and would also include the administrative groups involved in the industry. The tacit knowledge held by these individuals is not organization specific.

Tacitness refers to the inability by the actor(s) implicated, or even by sophisticated observers, to explicitly articulate the sequences of procedures by which ‘things are done’, problems are solved, behavioural patterns are formed, etc. (see Dosi et al., 2005 and references therein; Nelson and Winter, 1982, especially chapter 4; Polanyi, 1967). In a nutshell, tacitness is a measure of the degree to which ‘we know more than we can tell’. In terms of the recipe story, tacit knowledge is precisely what is not (or sometimes cannot even in principle be) codified within the recipe itself, but—as in the earlier example of the cake—remains in the mind (or better in the practice) of grandmother and is transmitted more by example than by instruction. p. 176

Professor Dosi gets to the heart of the problem at hand. How do we unleash this dynamic potential? How is it organized? Where does the bureaucracy, with it's forms and budgets, fit in? Is the Joint Operating Committee better able to focus and tap these resources to greater effect?

In turn, the different degrees of tacitness of particular bodies of knowledge and the dynamics of knowledge codification have manifold implications for patterns of innovation, the division of labour and the presence/absence of ‘markets for technology’ (cf. Arora et al., 2001; Dosi et al., 2008B). p. 176

It is with these considerations that the Draft Specification was designed to address. These are the issues that we face and these are the opportunities. This next quotation of Professor Dosi's captures his brilliance in the area of innovation and why it is so applicable to oil and gas.

Regarding the sources of technological knowledge, nowadays a good deal of ‘economically useful’ technological knowledge is mastered by business firms, which even undertake, in some developed countries, a small but not negligible portion of the efforts aimed at a more speculative understandings of the physical, chemical, biological properties of our world (i.e., they also undertake ‘basic science’). Most often knowledge internally generated by the firms is complemented by knowledge emanating from external institutions such as universities and public laboratories and from other industrial actors such as suppliers and customers (see the discussion in Dosi, 1988; Freeman, 1994; Klevorick et al., 1995). p. 176

Add to this the knowledge emanating from partners represented in the Joint Operating Committee and I think we begin to see how it is that the oil and gas industry can approach the problems that it faces. The Arctic, off-shore, tar-sands, logistical, financial and political all become approachable. Is it any surprise that no pipeline for Alaska or Arctic gas is currently being built?

The reconstruction of the diverse institutional origins of novel learning opportunities helps in going beyond a first, very rough, representation of ‘endogenous’ versus ‘exogenous’ technical progress and, second, but equally importantly, it also helps in identifying inter-sectoral and inter-technological differences in the drivers of innovation. p. 176

Or in other words, innovation does have an office. If your an enlightened producer, an oil and gas investor or shareholder, who would be interested in funding these software developments and communities, please follow our Funding Policies & Procedures, and our Hardware Policies & Procedures. If your a government that collects royalties from oil and gas producers, and are concerned about the accuracy of your royalty income, please review our Royalty Policies & Procedures and email me. And if your a potential user of this software, and possibly as a member of the Community of Independent Service Providers, please join us here.

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Hands off the throttle

One of the issues that I have talked about consistently on this blog is the manner in which management control all aspects of the oil and gas "market". Receiving all of the proceeds of the oil and gas production entitles them to influence the market in ways that are contrary to the markets benefits. What I mean is the managers feel that it is their money and they should expend it as they feel fit. Bringing all attributes of the oil and gas marketplace within their domain of responsibility. This was evident in the $147 oil market when they stated the costs associated with field operations were escalating faster then inflation. This prompted them to state that "suppliers were getting greedy".

Who's really getting greedy. The reverse side of this coin is just as ugly. I place the reason for this problem on the on again off again throttle actions of the management. That is the field operations are being populated with enough individuals who are addicted to drugs that complete camps are failing. Attempts to run "dry" camps fall into the same problem. What I think the problem is, is that management have consistently moved the throttle on and off once too often.

Anyone that wanted to work in oil and gas soon found the feast vs. famine environment not to their liking. Oil and gas field operations are difficult, dangerous, remote and frustrating. Frustrating from the point of view that the general rule is that the lowest IQ will dictate the outcome of any teams tasks. When NooB's are addicted to drugs they bring a level of unknowing and complete unreliability to the task at hand, the outcome is failure. Good people don't want to be associated with failure. Besides, other industries do exist.

To make my life more difficult again, there is a second aspect of this problem. The conflict of interest problem. This is very evident in the IT area, where many people feel little to no value is generated for the volumes of money they consume. When a good friend or cousin has an idea for how they could introduce a new widget, they inevitably show up on the doorstep. Where they promote the importance of the manager and suggest he should hire them to put the widget in place at his firm. The rest of this scenario has been played out a thousand times and no one seems to ever mention it. But we all know that the reason for many of the failures to generate value in IT is a matter of perspective. If you look at it from the perspective of the manager who has an ownership interest in the widget producer, then success is the word.

Lets put another card on the table. One that I have talked about consistently on this blog as well. The issue is that I should not own the Intellectual Property that is represented in the Draft Specification, Preliminary Research Report or this blog. This is not the way in the managers world. The first thing they did when I proposed that we conduct the research in September 2003 is state that they don't hire small research firms. And turned around and hired Cambridge Energy Research Associates to conduct the research. So I funded the research myself and published the Preliminary Research Report in May 2004. Little did the managers know that by that time, CERA hadn't completed their work yet! This is representative of the expectation that management is entitled to use whatever IP they desire when they desire to use it. And without compensating the inventor or creator.

The problem with this last point, is that the next great innovation is not going to be easy. Earning the rights to the copyright or patent is compensation for the difficult work done to generate the breakthrough. Without this compensation, of having monopoly rights on the use of the IP, the motivation doesn't exist to do the work. This is how the founding fathers of the U.S. Constitution wrote the laws, the oil and gas managers may have an issue with them as well. Otherwise without IP you have a stagnant market where no real innovation is occurring.

There has to be a better way. I think we need to look closely at the attributes that make a producer profitable. Is Intellectual Property of field operations a critical success factor in Exxon's profitability? Of course not. Does Exxon manufacture their own drill bits? Of course not. The profitable nature of any oil and gas company is the legal access to the reserves, [the lease] and the physical assets used in production. Outside of that it's the scientific and engineering capabilities of the people that the producer employ. No where will you find the management of IP as poorly handled as by the current management in oil and gas firms.

How the Draft Specification deals with this unique and irreversible [irreversible while management are at the helm] situation is by essentially removing management from the decision making process. Let markets be markets, but also provide them with more information. What is needed is a revenue or business model for the service industry so that they can invest and develop their skills and capabilities with a somewhat greater assurance that tomorrow, they won't starve. All of those service providers are being treated like they are in kindergarten, and I know this because of the response that we have received from the same management. I may be openly critical of them, however, they deserve it. Since it's 4:00 on a Friday they won't see it anyway.

The first information these service providers receive is the detailed capital and operating expenditure budgets of the producers for the next 5 - 10 years. Whether this data is detailed in the reserve reports or actual AFE's, the Draft Specification Resource Marketplace Module aggregates all the producers that use the system and publishes the information by geographical region. No specific producers data is known. It's all aggregate. None of this data is for certain, it may be different when the time comes. But what can be determined is what level of investment may be made by a service provider to achieve their corporate goals and strategies. Imagine you have an idea of applying hydraulic fracturing to "tight" sands. And you have an idea on how to retrofit that fracturing technology in a way to release that gas in a manner that could help those producers. You see the costs associated with drilling in these areas and you think it might work, think it might cause the drilling costs to decline substantially and have prepared a patent application for the device.

Having secured his idea in the patent application. The entrepreneur begins writing about the idea in the search-able Research & Capabilities Module of the Draft Specification. There he further earns the rights of copyright and, introduces the idea to the marketplace for producers to participate financially in developing the innovation and the marketplace gains the benefit of knowing the ideas and building off of them earlier. And before anyone realizes, the tight sands are the next great frontier of gas exploration due to the innovation contained within this one device.

The point being that information is what is needed for people to make reliable decisions upon. The industry needs to recognize the Intellectual Property laws that exist in the western world. Management can't succeed when there is no benefit to the one who thinks about the innovation. Management needs to respect the law of the land and stop this filthy habit.

If your an enlightened producer, an oil and gas investor or shareholder, who would be interested in funding these software developments and communities, please follow our Funding Policies & Procedures, and our Hardware Policies & Procedures. If your a government that collects royalties from oil and gas producers, and are concerned about the accuracy of your royalty income, please review our Royalty Policies & Procedures and email me. And if your a potential user of this software, and possibly as a member of the Community of Independent Service Providers, please join us here.

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Two new papers for review.

A heads up that when we finish off with Professor Dosi's "On the nature of technologies: knowledge, procedures, artifacts and production inputs". Two new papers have been discovered that provide real value for the work that we're doing here.

The first is a 1986 paper from Professor Carlota Perez. Originally written in Spanish, it was translated into English by Professor Perez herself in January 2009. Reading it through provides a very clear understanding of the beginnings of her theories and ideas. The clarity is remarkable, particularly for those that are recent additions to this blogs community. The paper entitled "The New Technologies: An Integrated View" can be downloaded from here.

The second paper that we are going to review is from a new author. "The Evolution of Science Based Business: Innovating how we Innovate" by Harvard Professor Gary P. Pisano. Oil and gas is the ultimate science based business. One that is shifting in its complexity and difficulty. This paper can be downloaded from here.

There appears to be no end to the high quality academic research available on these topics. If your an enlightened producer, an oil and gas investor or shareholder, who would be interested in funding these software developments and communities, please follow our Funding Policies & Procedures, and our Hardware Policies & Procedures. If your a government that collects royalties from oil and gas producers, and are concerned about the accuracy of your royalty income, please review our Royalty Policies & Procedures and email me. And if your a potential user of this software, and possibly as a member of the Community of Independent Service Providers, please join us here.

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Perez on the role of government

Back in 2005, when I first read the Strategy & Business Thought Leader Interview with Professor Carlota Perez. Professor Perez stated something that I found interesting and thought provoking. Her comment in the article was as follows.

S+B: What role does the government play in this?

Perez: A big role. I think that market fundamentalism today is as much of an obstacle to world economic growth in the next decades as state fundamentalism was in the 1970s and ’80s. Government needs to be reinvented, using as much imagination as it took to design the welfare state in the first place. It all seems impossible now, but things always seem impossible at this point in the surge. Between 1934 and 1946, a lot of economists believed that high unemployment was inevitable, because both industry and agriculture were shedding labor. But just after that, with an adequate institutional framework for mass production and consumption, the U.S. entered its biggest full-employment period in history.

Compliance frameworks have been how governments regulated business. Today, shareholders of firms have never felt more unable to deal with the businesses that they own. A systemic failure of the banking industry shows that boards of directors are powerless to deal with management. Bringing into question corporate governance and compliance as one of the premier issues that everyone would agree on.

This discussion about compliance may be about different perspectives on how compliance is achieved. I see compliance as a fallout of the transactions themselves. Net profits attract taxes. Oil and gas production incurs royalties. Stock exchanges impose transparency. In a transaction focused ERP software application as described in the Draft Specification. Where design of transactions is deemed one of the value adding attributes of a business, the Tax, Royalty and SEC requirements are not the driving attribute of the decisions being made. Or they shouldn't be. Granted interpretation of the regulations is the fine art that does generate substantial value for a firm. But these can be done on a global or overall firm basis after the fact. The point that is being made here is that compliance is a fall out of transactions. Secondly, compliance is a critical and inherent aspect of the transaction itself. Separation of compliance from the transactions is how Enron, WorldCom and Bernie Madoff achieved their scams.

In this post I want to propose a hypothesis of how things have became so disjointed. Based on Professor Perez' prompting us to rethink the role of government; have the software developers been the ones that fumbled the compliance football? Or has the lack of recognition of the importance of the role of software developers in ensuring compliance, been an inherent part of the breakdown?

In these past few days, when we have been discussing the compliance requirements of oil and gas producers. I have stated that the Compliance sub-frameworks of SEC, Tax and Royalty need to be aligned to the five frameworks of the Joint Operating Committee. The lack of alignment is part of the problem. I have also recently published the policies that People, Ideas & Objects has for compliance to royalties. That is we don't pay for the software development costs of any royalty framework. Since 1993 it has been my experience that producers won't pay for royalty compliance software development. It's 2010 and not one system exists to properly calculate a producers obligation. The evidence is in. Our policy is that the royalty holder will need to pay People, Ideas & Objects to develop the royalty compliant software. It's a compliance policy that is either 100 or 0% compliant. This is particularly valid when the Alberta Government is looking into it's sixth review of royalties since 2007.

The government's role in these situations has always been to pass legislation, enforce and administer the regulations. Why have they not funded the software that maintains the compliance for the oil and gas producers? Everyone at the table has someone who is paying their costs, except for the software developer. Governments toss these regulations out, expect compliance and its the lowly software developer who is required to fund the development of the software? We have no skin in the game, and are indeed hesitant to employ anything but the 0% solution. If compliance is such a large issue in today's business market. Why are the governments leaving it to a disinterested groups of software developers, who in turn have to sell what they did to uninterested investors or the producers themselves. This is a lose, lose proposition.

I think this is one of the areas where Professor Perez is correct. The software development costs associated with the compliance frameworks [royalty, tax and SEC] should be funded directly by the government agency that demands compliance. This is an area where government needs to think how they can be more effective in their responsibilities to their stakeholders. We are relying on an administrative framework that is a generation or two behind the fact that software is a critical piece of the compliance world.

Another point is that government's writing generic applications to maintain compliance won't work. The analogy of putting a 1956 Soviet Lada engine in a 2010 Ferrari is appropriate. Just send the cash. The JOC's decisions have compliance implications. Compliance needs to be natural elements of the processes, written by the same developers, in the same programming languages, designed by the same users. Therefore to integrate them, the software developers have to do the functionality and the compliance. For those governments that are concerned about funding several software firms, that's not my problem. Making the regulations more easily integrated might be an area where value could be generated.

People, Ideas & Objects face market, financial and technical risks. If we manage our cash in an effective manner. And are able to internally fund the compliance development costs ourselves. And then in the eleventh hour, when the application is 95% complete and everyone is exhausted, the producers lose the desire to continue funding People, Ideas & Objects. This type of financial failure is the primary cause that software systems have failed. With approximately $1 billion in projected costs, we would be foolish to even attempt to build a compliance framework ourselves. Particularly with a government such as Alberta's that changes the rules every six months.

One last point is that People, Ideas & Objects is user based developments. Our objective is to provide the oil and gas producer with the most profitable means of oil and gas operations. Think of this compliance issue from these user and producer orientations. And that does not mean that we just skip compliance, and that does not mean that we will fund these costs ourselves.

On a related note to this, here is a video of British Conservative Leader David Cameron talking about "The next age of government". He also has some answers.



If your an enlightened producer, an oil and gas investor or shareholder, who would be interested in funding these software developments and communities, please follow our Funding Policies & Procedures, and our Hardware Policies & Procedures. If your a government that collects royalties from oil and gas producers, and are concerned about the accuracy of your royalty income, please review our Royalty Policies & Procedures and email me. And if your a potential user of this software, and possibly as a member of the Community of Independent Service Providers, please join us here.

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Dosi Nature of Technologies Part I

The quality of the recent working papers has been spectacular. On topic, leading edge and practical to the work that is being done here at People, Ideas & Objects. Professor's Baldwin, Perez and Orlikowski have provided strong support for the potential users in the oil and gas industry who know the status-quo is not working and as a result are looking for alternatives.

Professor Baldwin's working paper on the Mirroring Hypothesis started to list what ingredients were necessary within teams to enable an innovative software development capability. And through the mirroring hypothesis, the software development capability will define and support the innovative oil and gas producer.

Professor Giovanni Dosi's 1988 paper "Sources, Procedures and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation" was the primary research document used in the May 2004 Preliminary Research Report. Much like Professor Perez, Professor Dosi is talking about technological paradigms. The abstract of this new paper "On the nature of technologies: knowledge, procedures, artifacts and production inputs".

In the most general terms, a technology can be seen as a human-constructed means for achieving a particular end, such as the movement of goods and people, the transmission of information or the cure of a disease. These means most often entail procedures regarding how to achieve the ends concerned, particular bits of knowledge, artifacts and of course specific physical inputs necessary to yield the desired outcomes. In fact, the procedures and the underlying knowledge they draw upon, the physical and intangible inputs implicated, and the performance characteristics of outputs are different but complementary aspects of what technology is. These things are the object of this short essay. p. 173

In the budget discussion that was yesterday's post. We see the context of these recipes within firms and markets. We are standing on the shoulders of several generations of giants. To tear up the bureaucracy resonates with all people who have had the displeasure of dealing with them. But to do so without an alternative is reckless and dangerous. To imply that the alternative can be brought to bear "just-in-time" or the bureaucracy won't fail on its own; are two ideas that we should not accept.

The financial crisis was brought about by bank managers using the same bureaucratic thinking that I see in oil and gas today. The bank management was compensated handsomely as they drove the industry off a cliff. The amount of shareholder value that was wiped out by management should frighten everyone in business today. After all that has transpired in the past two years, we see the bank bonus and compensation continue at record velocity! These bank managers were very wise not to have invested in any alternatives to their ways and means.

Are the leadership in the energy industry going to wait for the same thing to happen to them?

1. Technologies as recipes

If we think of only the components necessary to drill a well then we are missing a large portion of tasks and time involved. These also don't necessarily capture the methods that make the drilling of the well successful. These are the attributes that need to be designed, analyzed and implemented in order for the next generation of organizations keep us from the return of the dark ages.

The conception, design and production of any artifact generally involves (often very long) sequences of cognitive and physical acts. It is therefore useful to begin by thinking of a technology as something like a ‘recipe’ entailing a design for a final product which, much like a cookbook recipe, concerns a physical artifact together with a set of procedures for achieving it. The recipe specifies a set of actions that need to be taken to achieve the desired outcome and identifies, if sometimes implicitly, the inputs that are to be acted on and any required equipment. p. 173

The critical nature of the Community of Independent Service Providers in making the People, Ideas & Objects application modules successful can not be understated. The tacit knowledge contained within that community can not be codified into software. Software, however, can enable and exploit the tacit knowledge through the interactions of the technologies if we are smart enough to do so.

However, in the domain of industrial technologies this is not generally the case: the requisite knowledge and skills are distributed across many individuals and a crucial issue concerns when and how they are called for. No matter how mechanised a process (as in contemporary times), the construction of most artifacts is a team operation. Different people, and groups, are assigned to different parts of the process. How the artifact turns out will depend not only on the overall design and recipe that nominally is being followed (if any), but on how the work is divided, the match up of the skills and understandings of what is to be done under that division of labour with what actually needs to be done, how effectively the work is coordinated and managed and—at least as important—on the effectiveness of the procedures linking what different individuals (and, often, different organisations) actually do. pp. 173 - 174

It is reasonable to suggest, as it is true, that success within the oil and gas industry will be dependent on the CISP and the users who are enabled through the People, Ideas & Objects application modules. This should be stated as the objective, not a boisterous comment by someone who is full of themselves. As members of advanced societies these are the speeds and the altitudes that we are flying at.

Although the distributed nature of technological knowledge limits the accuracy of the ‘recipe’ representation of the nature of technologies, it does help to highlight their procedural dimension. The latter involves problem-solving procedures, in which respect building a car, writing a software package or proving a theorem are not that different (this idea is of course grounded in many contributions of Herbert Simon; see, for instance, Simon, 1987, and, for some elaborations, Dosi and Egidi, 1991). There have recently been attempts to formalise the structure and dynamics of such procedures in the combinatorics of elementary cognitive and physical components underlying the intra- and inter-organisational division of labour and its dynamics (see Marengo and Dosi, 2005; Marengo et al., 2000; Rivkin, 2001; Rivkin and Siggelkow, 2003). p. 174

Professor Herbert Simon is a Nobel Laureate that was quoted in the Preliminary Research Report as saying.

"...What information consumes is rather obvious: it consumes the attention of its recipients. Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it" (Simon 1971, p. 40-41).

Taking all that Dosi has stated to this point, assumes that the "noise" of competing attentions are silenced and we have a focus on the desired objectives. Innovation is also about failure as much as it is about success. Can it get much more difficult?

2. Beyond explicit recipes: organisational routines

Luckily we are not starting from scratch. The Joint Operating Committee has been operating virtually since the early days of oil and gas, almost 140 years ago. The breakthrough in the Preliminary Research Report is that moving the well defined compliance requirements of the SEC, Tax and Royalties to align with the JOC's legal, financial, operational decision making, communication and cultural frameworks. Allows us to innovate off of the shoulders of those generations of giants that we stand upon. The JOC is a well defined organization.

A routine is ‘an executable capability for repeated performance in some context that has been learned by an organization’ (Cohen et al., 1996, p. 683). p.174

The existence of the JOC has even survived the ignorance of SAP. SAP's static interpretation of all companies and all industries worked at one point in time. At least that is what we are told. As this overall discussion has revealed, we must aspire to higher levels of capabilities within the innovative oil and gas producer.

Such ‘higher level’ capabilities go under the name of dynamic capabilities (Teece et al., 1997). p. 174

For the oil and gas industry to become more dynamic, says everything to me. Decisions, decisions and even more decisions. I see the industry occupying people's time with so many decisions that the current bureaucracies will choke and explode. If the industry is being run off the cliff by management isn't the question. Just as the former Soviet Union became so inefficient to the demands of its people, the bureaucracies in oil and gas are heading down the same well worn path. The banking industry provides us with current experience as to how vested, entrenched and corrupt management can become. To me the only question left to ask is; would it be more detrimental to society if the oil and gas industry collapsed like the 2008 financial crisis?

If your an enlightened producer, an oil and gas investor or shareholder, who would be interested in funding these software developments and communities, please follow our Funding Policies & Procedures, and our Hardware Policies & Procedures. If your a government that collects royalties from oil and gas producers, and are concerned about the accuracy of your royalty income, please review our Royalty Policies & Procedures and email me. And if your a potential user of this software, and possibly as a member of the Community of Independent Service Providers, please join us here.

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Budget Update - Midway

We are now half-way through the 2010 budget drive. I have received no indication from any producer, shareholder, investor or group. No commitments and no money.

Recently we detailed the difficulty that People, Ideas & Objects has had with the entrenched management of oil and gas. This conflict is contrasted by the strong academic and "common-sense" nature of the Draft Specification, and research here on innovation in oil and gas. It was recently noted that the potential lack of funding of our budget, would prove to those shareholders and investors that the current management of oil and gas will never fund this development. It eliminates the need for their "skills" and therefore management will not do the altruistic act of falling on their swords.

In the Preliminary Research Report it was noted that software defines the organization. Therefore to change the organizational structure requires that the software be built first. To represent this relationship I coined the phrase that "SAP is the bureaucracy". Management have perverted this thinking and entrenched their positions by never sponsoring any software.

Yesterday Shell announced they were selling up to $10 billion in assets. This is the primary mechanism that I see the industry investors and shareholders securing ownership of the industry. As these producers management continue to rationalize their investments, firms using the People, Ideas & Objects software, Community of Independent Service Providers and users will enable this prospective ownership class to compete for these assets. Without the software being built first, this will not happen. A competitive method of managing oil and gas assets needs to be built in the software first.

To suggest otherwise is dreaming in technicolor. We live in advanced societies where specialization and the division of labor have been applied aggressively for over 200 years. Organizations, built on the structured hierarchy are unable to generate value and are actively destroying value with each passing day. Nonetheless, to approach the problem with an effective solution demands that higher levels of specialization and more advanced division of labor be inherent in the replacement organization. To muddle along in this transition is foolhardy and dangerous. We stand on the shoulders of many generations of giants and need to consider this in any transition. Spontaneous order may occur, but will it be efficient?

The Preliminary Specification, the Detailed and Final Specification that follow, consider these important principles be analyzed, discovered, designed and implemented. I began this process in September 2003 and received a ferocious response from the existing industry bureaucrats. I have kept my powder dry and my candle lit, now is the time to add the necessary resources to this process. If the bureaucracies are not creating any value, at what point do they fail, and what alternatives will be available to maintain the sophisticated standard and quality of living we enjoy? At some point, and I am suggesting on March 31, 2010, we will need to stop blaming the bureaucracy and seriously consider who's fault a failure might be. I know it will not be mine.

People, Ideas & Object recently developed a proxy method that would enable the investors and shareholders to vote for the oil and gas companies management to support this budget process. By asserting themselves in the development of the proxy, and voting on the resolution at the Annual General Meeting, might provide a mechanism where the investor and shareholder need not fund this budget directly.

Our budget fees are effective January 1, 2010. Penalties are effective on March 31, 2010 at 300% of the fees. All fees and penalties, if applicable, from January 1, 2010 are required to be paid in full before participation in any of the communities or developments. Companies that chose to wait will find that they are less capable of influencing the direction of the development to their specific needs. Use of the software, when built, will require all fees and penalties from January 1, 2010 be paid in full. Fee's for the calendar year 2010 have been determined to be $1 /boe / year. [A firm that produces 50,000 boe / day would be assessed $50,000.00 in fees and, if applicable, $150,000.00 in penalties for 2010.]

If your an enlightened producer, an oil and gas investor or shareholder, who would be interested in funding these software developments and communities, please follow our Funding Policies & Procedures, and our Hardware Policies & Procedures. If your a government that collects royalties from oil and gas producers, and are concerned about the accuracy of your royalty income, please review our Royalty Policies & Procedures and email me. And if your a potential user of this software, and possibly as a member of the Community of Independent Service Providers, please join us here.

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Top 18 Compelling Reasons

As promised an updated list of the reasons that users and producers should get involved with People, Ideas & Objects.

Twenty Trillion

$20 Trillion in additional capital expenditures to meet the market demand for energy. This is the generally agreed to scope of the problem that faces the oil and gas industry over the next 20 years. A business environment that is more difficult for all producers concerned. Success in the past is not a precursor to success in the near to long term.

$39 Billion Oracle Investment

What was once listed as a detriment is now a competitive advantage. Oracle has expended their money in a focused manner based on a broad vision of what IT could be. The vision became evident to People, Ideas & Objects during the five hour presentation explaining Oracle's revised strategy after their acquisition of Sun Microsystems.

As I write this we find that Oracle has beaten Alinghi 2 - 0 in the 33rd Americas Cup. Larry Ellison brings the cup home!

Williamson's Nobel

Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) has been formally recognized by Professor Oliver Williamson winning the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics. TCE has been used extensively in the analysis and design of the People, Ideas & Objects Draft Specification.

Academics focused on organizational change and technology

We continue to see the premier researchers focus on organizational change and technology. The quality of the research being conducted is topical and valuable to the work being done in People, Ideas & Objects. It provides particularly strong support for the Users and oil and gas producers to get involved in this software development project. Giving direction on how to mitigate the fall out from the financial crisis and guidance as to where the future will provide the greatest value.

Fund the Budget

A call for $10 million during 2010 to support the user community and start the research and design work on the Preliminary Specification.

Value proposition - Competitive advantage

People, Ideas & Objects is based on a fundamental business model and value proposition. Producers collectively pay for the software development costs plus an element of profit for People, Ideas & Objects. This eliminates the large, costly and mostly ineffective SAP system installations that producers know don't work.

Our commitment to the oil and gas producer is that People, Ideas & Objects is the most profitable means of oil and gas operations.

User Interface

I recently documented how the User Interface (GUI) of People, Ideas & Objects would be based on Sun Microsystems Project Wonderland. Providing a "gaming" interface similar to the World of Warcraft. These will be of particularly value in the Marketplace Modules such as Petroleum Lease Marketplace, Resource Marketplace and Financial Marketplace. Where producers and users will be able to interact with other avatars and negotiate agreements, strike deals and all from the comfort of where ever they are physically located.

Perez the Information & Communication Technology Revolution (ICTR)

We are fortunate to be living at a time when the level of economic change is substantial. The old ways are being replaced by new and innovative means based on the Information & Communication Technology Revolution. Professor Perez has detailed the point where we are at in this fundamental transition. A transition to a far more productive way of life. Her work provides people with the understanding that economic stimulus is limited, and our future is waiting for us in organizational change and technology related areas.

Management is wrong

Management's Resistance to People, Ideas & Objects has been wrong. This is clearly evident as we look on the past 4 years. The time to move on making the change to the Joint Operating Committee as the key organizational construct of the innovative producer is today. Management are being called out by People, Ideas & Objects to make sure the transition begins as soon as is possible.

People, Ideas & Objects is Open Source

Although we do not qualify as a pure Open Source project. Our software code is open and available for the communities to review. Producers should establish an auditing procedure of the code to ensure it is compliant to their needs. These and other advantages of this openness are what People, Ideas & Objects is providing.

Penalty Structure of non - participation in People, Ideas & Objects.

For producers the costs associated with this software development project is fixed in terms of time. Effective January 1, 2010, all producers are being assessed a cost to participate in these developments. Companies that choose not to participate past March 31, 2010 will be assessed a 300% penalty when and if they do decide to join. Non participating producers will not be able to use the software until payment is made in full. And most importantly, producers who join later will have difficulty in asserting their needs within the established user communities.

Tech Company Earnings

Technology firms such as Apple, Cisco and Google are able to make substantial profits from their mature technology businesses. This is a trend that was noted in Professor Perez' research and is a direction that people can see is where the prosperous future lies.

Oil and Gas company earnings

Even with oil and gas prices being substantially higher then they were in prior decades. Costs have escalated and continue to do so. Oil and gas companies are seeing a downward trend to their earnings and production profiles. The business is becoming complex and those that were profitable in the low energy price era have no competitive advantages in this higher priced era.

Oracle

We are a customer of Oracles technologies. These technologies will be the standard component of the People, Ideas & Objects development environment, cloud offering, database, Java etc. Everywhere, from stem to stern, Oracle technologies will be deployed in making People, Ideas & Objects. This provides producers and users with a solid, reliable and scalable infrastructure in which to innovate and conduct their business operations.

Scrum / Agile

People, Ideas & Objects competitive advantages are many. One of these is the agile / scrum software development methodology that has developed in the last few years. Agile teams are 500 to 1000% more productive then prior methodologies. Velocity is the term used to note the speed at which these teams work. The overall reduction in costs and the faster turn around time are two of the larger benefits users and producers will realize through People, Ideas & Objects.

Complex Adaptive Systems is the technical term that captures the agile methodology.

Policies, Procedures & Positions.

Many policies, procedures and most importantly positions are being detailed on this blog. The positions include the Product Owners and Account Managers. Now is also the time for the user community and the Community of Independent Service Providers to begin their involvement in this software development project.

The five frameworks of the Joint Operating Committee

The legal, financial, operational decision making, communication and cultural frameworks of the industry are held within the JOC. Moving the compliance (Tax, Roy, SEC) and governance frameworks of the hierarchy in alignment with the JOC will define and support the innovative oil and gas producer.

Breaking the mirror. Actionable Transparency.

A concept that is introduced by Professor Carliss Baldwin in the "Mirroring Hypothesis". Actionable Transparency is a term that accurately captures the innovativeness of People, Ideas & Objects, the innovative oil and gas producers, working together to increase productivity.

If your an enlightened producer, an oil and gas investor or shareholder, who would be interested in funding these software developments and communities, please follow our Funding Policies & Procedures, and our Hardware Policies & Procedures. If your a government that collects royalties from oil and gas producers, and are concerned about the accuracy of your royalty income, please review our Royalty Policies & Procedures and email me. And if your a potential user of this software, and possibly as a member of the Community of Independent Service Providers, please join us here.

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Transaction Cost Economics and 24

A light posting on a serious topic. The blog Stumbling and Mumbling has an analysis of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and the television show "24". The analysis shows why TCE is so valuable in determining, among other things, the barriers between firms and markets.

People, Ideas & Objects has used TCE to define the barriers between firms and markets in oil and gas. Specific modules that define and support the market are of course, the Petroleum Lease Marketplace, Resource Marketplace and Finance Marketplace. Have a look at the analysis of how Jack Bauer benefits and is hindered from both the hierarchy and a freelancing approach to his job.

If your an enlightened producer, an oil and gas investor or shareholder, who would be interested in funding these software developments and communities, please follow our Funding Policies & Procedures, and our Hardware Policies & Procedures. If your a government that collects royalties from oil and gas producers, and are concerned about the accuracy of your royalty income, please review our Royalty Policies & Procedures and email me. And if your a potential user of this software, and possibly as a member of the Community of Independent Service Providers, please join us here.

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