The Economist on Cloud Computing.
A "special" report has been written and is being distributed by the Economist magazine. The download is being provided through sponsorship from AMD. The Cloud Computing paradigm is the method that will be used to host the People, Ideas & Objects application. The Economist starts with the following quote.
Information Technology is turning into a global cloud accessible from anywhere, says Ludwig Siegele. What does that mean for the way that people conduct business? p. 1Google is the best example of a firm that has all of their applications delivered in this fashion. People, Ideas & Objects has been using Google Apps for our Domain for over one year now and have found this model of application delivery provides real value. I recently noted that we also evaluated SalesForce.com and will be implementing that application into our organization to better manage the producers involved in this software development. The cloud model is sound and provides some unique attributes that are not available in other Information Technology architectures.
The rise of the cloud is more than just another platform shift that gets geeks excited. It will undoubtedly transform the information technology (IT) industry, but it will also profoundly change the way people work and companies operate. It will allow digital technology to penetrate every nook and cranny of the economy and of society, creating some tricky political problems along the way. p. 1This can seem to be much of the same claims about technologies influence in business. To suggest otherwise is difficult to prove. I would argue that our current market meltdown will be comprehensive in its elimination of the manner in which we conduct business. For it is the large bureaucracies that have failed in meeting the needs of society. If we are to re-build our organizations brick by brick and stick by stick, the use of new IT architectures will be necessary. Bureaucracies have had their day. The following quotation shows how difficult it is to foresee our way through our current difficulties by using an application like SAP.
Corporate IT has always promised to make companies more agile. In the 1990s many companies re-engineered their business processes when they started using a form of software called enterprise resource planning (ERP), which does things such as managing a firms finances and employees. But once these massive software packages were in place, it was exceedingly difficult to change them. Implementing SAP, the market leader in ERP, is like pouring concrete into your company, goes an old joke among IT types. This helps to explain why in many firms IT departments and business units have traditionally been at loggerheads. In recent years tensions have worsened. Companies must grapple with ever changing markets and regulations, yet IT budgets are being cut. Many firms now have a huge backlog of IT projects. pp. 11 - 12Why would People, Ideas & Objects using this new architecture be successful? I think the primary reason we would be successful is that our approach is not based on these technologies. That is to say we are not focused on the cloud to make the changes and provide the value to those that will use our application. Using the Joint Operating Committee (JOC) as the key organizational construct will bring into alignment the cultural, financial, legal, compliance & governance and operational decision making frameworks of the industry. This will also have the effect of bringing those participants in the JOC closer in terms of conducting joint operations, which is the global and systemic way of the industry.
Again, the software industry has been promising this for some years under the banner of service oriented architecture, discussed in an earlier chapter. Yet the adoption of SOA has been slow and many projects have failed, says Chris Howard of the Burton Group, a consultancy. The reasons are not just technical but cultural; for example, some business units are not used to sharing data. Cloud computing will help resolve some of these problems. Many web based services are built to be integrated into existing business processes. p. 12Adam Smith proved the theory of division of labor and its impact on production and productivity. Economically we have taken division of labor and specialization to substantial levels. To take it to the next level will require alternate means of organization and a much finer level of how work is performed.
In the Draft Specification it is also assumed that the oil and gas producer will be focused on their core competitiveness. The innovative oil and gas producer will concern themselves with their reserves, land base and most importantly their earth science and engineering capabilities. Providing hardware and software in which to operate the firm is about as distant to their competitive advantages as one can get.
What eff…ect will all this have on the nature of the firm? If IT systems really allow companies to become more modular and flexible, this should foster further specialization. It will become even easier to outsource business processes, or at least those parts of them where firms do not enjoy a competitive advantage. Companies will increasingly focus on their "core" and shed the "context", in the words of Geoffrey Moore, managing director of TCG Advisors. p. 12This makes the approach to how the industry operates change fundamentally. The need to have different ways of operating, ways in which we can align the culture of the industry, is what the Cloud provides. These means of operation are a natural and necessary part of the oil and gas firm. People, Ideas & Objects should be considered the "industry operating system" of the oil and gas industry.
Both trends could mean that in future huge clouds which might be called "industry operating systems" will provide basic services for a particular sector, for instance finance or logistics. On top of these systems will sit many specialized and interconnected firms, just like applications on a computing platform. Yet this is only half the story. The cloud changes not only the plumbing and structure of firms and industries, known as the "transactional layer", but also their interactional layers, a term coined by Andy Mulholland, chief technologist of Capgemini, a consultancy. He defines this as the environment where all the interactions between people take place, both within an organization and with its business partners. p. 12In the Accounting Voucher of the Draft Specification. It specifies the move away from transaction processing as the key functionality. Transaction processing is to a large extent expected in any system, and is not a competitive differentiation of the People, Ideas & Objects application. What is necessary and is built into the module is the transaction design that will enable the analysis of costs and the manner in which the work gets done.
Companies may not have much choice but to open up, says Mr Mulholland. Employees will increasingly resist constraints on their use of technology, and they will have a growing need to reach beyond the corporate firewall. Twenty years ago, he argues, 80% of the knowledge that workers required to do their jobs resided within their company. Now it is only 20% because the world is changing ever faster. "We need to be open to new and unknown connections with people and content," he says. p. 13This last point shows cloud computing may become more of a main stream technology. Microsoft announced on Monday October 27th their Azure platform. Ray Ozzie of Lotus Notes fame said:
"We are in the early days of a transformation to services across the industry," said Ozzie at the conference.
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