The Preliminary Research Report reviewed a variety of papers that fall under the topic of Structuration. What is this and why is it important to People, Ideas & Objects and the innovative oil and gas producer. Here are excerpts from the review and how they affect this project.
Professor Anthony Giddens initially published “The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structure”, Berkeley, University of California Press and his theory is well articulated through the following excerpt from “Using the Structurational Model of Technology to Analyze an ERP Implementation” by Olga Volkoff, of the Richard Ivey School of Business.
From the perspective of structuration theory, adaptation is the joint effect of the actions of individuals and the institutional structures within which those actions take place. Structures such as business strategies, organizational culture, reward and control systems, patterns of communication, and professional norms both enable and constrain the daily activities of people, but do not wholly determine them. At the same time, while individuals can choose to act in ways that will either reinforce or alter those structures, their choices are not independent of the structures within which they take action. This “duality of structure” - the recursive (re)production of institutional structures through the ongoing daily social practices of individuals - allows change to emerge in ways that are not wholly predictable.
I think within this quotation we see the reasoning why the oil and gas producers have such difficulty in meeting the demands of innovation. The Joint Operating Committee holds the “actions of individuals, and the institutional structures” that are not recognized by the ERP systems that are available in the marketplace. Therefore you have two disparate organizations, the JOC and the bureaucracy, operating in two different structures, creating conflict and contradicting one another.
Giddens’ theory of structuration is further define by Professor Wanda Orlikowski’s 1992 comments: “the duality of structure refers to the structure of social systems: human actions create a social systems institutional properties and these properties then serve to shape future human actions.” The notion of structuration has three aspects.
- It refers to a social process that involves the reciprocal interaction of humans with the structural features of an organization.
- Human actions are enabled and constrained by structures, yet these same structures are the result of previous actions.
- Structural properties mediate human action and, at the same time, are reaffirmed through human use. In other words, institutional properties are both the medium and the outcome of interaction.
The Preliminary Research report looked at structuration from the perspective of how the current oil and gas organizational structure is defined through the social, legal and environmental influences that provide that structure, and of how the organization in turn provides structure to the social and human elements. People, Ideas & Objects are focused on building ERP systems that identify and support these organizations.
The JOC has explicit legal, ownership, financial and procedural authority and control of the field operations as the standard of operations and conduct in oil and gas, on an international basis. Financial investment in an oil and gas property qualifies for participation on the committee where the operational control is agreed to and implemented. This research asserted that this operational control has significant implications on the internal operations of the participating organization. The facility design, capital budget, legal agreements and the decision making processes are constrained, Giddens’ theory would suggest, by a variety of forms and structures that comprise the basis of operations for the entire industry.
As Thomas Davenport noted in his paper “
The Strategy and Structure of Firms in the Attention Economy” 2002,
Strategy and structure are mental constructs, important not in themselves, but for their impact on the people in the organization. Strategy and structure are also the vehicles for focusing attention.
Clearly stating that by moving the compliance and governance frameworks of the bureaucracy to be in alignment with the legal, financial, operational decision making, cultural and communication frameworks of the JOC. This realignment will eliminate the conflict and contradictions that occur between the two organizational constructs. This realignment will also increase the attention and focus of the individuals involved within the producer firm and the JOC, and by moving compliance to be in alignment with the operational decision making authority, accountability is enhanced. Lastly, as we will document as this review progresses, innovation is enabled.
Another key component of Giddens theory is that there is an inherent risk of failure if the progress of one element is out of step with the other two. Society, organizations and people need to move in lock step to avoid failure. This has been explicitly interpreted for the purpose of this research that the progress of society and people is either inhibited or facilitated through the actions that form the organizations. Currently individuals and society are dictating larger volumes of energy be sourced and provided by the market. If the bureaucracies that exist today, are unable to meet these demands then we will most certainly see failure.
For the industry to successfully provide for the consumers energy demands, it’s necessary to build the systems that identify and support the Joint Operating Committee. Building the Preliminary Specification is the focus of People, Ideas & Objects. Producers are encouraged to contact me in order to support our Revenue Model and begin their participation in these communities. Those individuals that are interested in joining People, Ideas & Objects can join me here and begin building the software necessary for the successful and innovative oil and gas industry.
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